Pronouns: Местоимения.
I(ай) = я, YOU(ю) = ты, HE(хи)
= он, SHE(щи) = она, WE(уи) =
мы,
YOU(ю) = вы , THEY(д'эй) = они.
this(д'ис) = этот.
that(д'эт) = тот.
these(з'из) = эти.
those(з'оз) = те.
Those are enemies = Те(люди) враги // They
are enemies = Oни враги.
This is an email = Это электронная почта.
This is a student = Это студент. // He is
a student = Он студент.
I am a teacher = Я учитель.
These are maps = Это карты.
This is an empire = Это империя.
You are a worker = Ты рабочий.
This is an animal = Это животное.
This is a book = Это книга.
That is a window = То, окно.
These are friends = Эти (люди) друзья. //
They are friends = Они друзья.
Примеры с использованием артикля "A" и глагола "TO BE".
В вопросительной форме "to be" ставится в начале
предложения.
В отрицательной форме после "to be" ставится частица
"not".
This is a table. Is this a
table? This is not a table.
That is a map. Is that a
map? That is not a map.
This is an ensemble. Is this an
ensemble? This is not an ensemble.
That is a window. Is that a
window? That is not a window.
This is a room. Is this a
room? This is not a room.
He is a policeman. Is he a
policeman? He is not a policeman.
This is a door. Is this a
door? This is not a door.
Если существительное используется во множественном числе,
то неопределенные артикли "A" или "AN" не используются :
These are rooms. These are not rooms.
Are these rooms?
These are tables. These are not tables.
Are these tables?
These are maps. These are not maps.
Are these maps?
Those are texts. Those are not texts.
Are those texts?
These are windows. These are not windows.
Are these windows?
Those are rooms. Those are not rooms.
Are those rooms?
These are policemen. These(they) are not policemen.
Are these policemen?
These are doors. These are not doors.
Are these doors?
Если перед существительным есть прилагательное, то не имеет
значения с какой буквы начинается существительное, так как
то, какой артикль там будет, зависит от того, с какой буквы
начинается прилагательное, и артикль будет перед
прилагательным :
This is a good article = Это хороший отрывок.
This is a thick pen = Это толстая ручка.
В данном случае не смотря на то что существительное
начинается с гласной буквы, ставится артикль "A" ,
так как прилагательное начинается с согласной буквы.
Существительное можно поставить перед прилагательным и если
вы решили сделать это, то артикль не используется, а "to
be" ставится между ними :
This pen is good = Эта ручка хорошая.
This is a good pen = Это хорошая ручка.
В вопросительной форме с прилагательным, глагол "TO BE"
ставится вначале предложения : Is this a bad
thing? = Это плохая вещь?
This is a long story. This story
is long. Is this a long
story?
This is a bad thing. This thing
is bad. Is this a bad
thing?
This is a short text. This text
is short. Is this a short
text?
This is a small farm. This farm is
small. Is this a small
farm?
This is a good plan. This plan
is good. Is this a good
plan?
This is a good film. This film
is good. Is this a good
film?
This is a big tree. This tree
is big. Is this a big
tree?
This is a good lesson. This lesson
is good. Is this a good
lesson?
This is a crazy thing. This thing
is crazy. Is this a crazy
thing?
This is a beautiful evening. This evening
is beautiful. Is this a beautiful
evening?
В отрицательном предложении к глаголу "TO BE"
прибавляется "NOT"(нот) = нет/ не:
This is NOT a long story = Это не длинная история.
Или : This story is NOT long = Эта история не
долгая.
This is NOTa bad thing. This
thing is NOT bad.
This is NOT a short text. This
text is NOT short.
This is NOT a small farm. This
farm is NOT small.
This is NOT a very good plan. This plan
is NOT good.
This is NOT a good film. This
film is NOT good.
This is NOT a big tree. This
tree is NOT big.
This is NOT a good lesson. This
lesson is NOT good.
This is NOT a crazy thing. This
thing is NOT crazy.
This is NOT a beautiful evening. This
evening is NOT beautiful.
Во множественном числе this = these, is = are, а
неопределенные артикли "A" "AN" исчезают. В
утвердительной форме есть два варианта :
These are long stories = Это долгие истории.
Или : These stories are long = Эти
истории долгие.
В вопросительной форме существительное ставится перед
прилагательным :
Are these computers good? = Это хорошие компьютеры?
Those are long stories. Those stories are
long. Are those stories long?
These are bad things. These things are
bad. Are these things bad?
Those are short texts. Those texts are
short. Are those texts short?
These are small farms. These farms are
small. Are these farms small?
These are good plans. These plans are
good. Are these plans good?
Those are long films. Those films are
long. Are those films long?
These are big trees. These trees are
big. Are these trees big?
Those are crazy things. Those things are
crazy. Are those things crazy?
Those are NOT long stories.
Those stories are NOT long.
These are NOT bad things.
These things are NOT bad.
Those are NOT short texts.
Those texts are NOT short.
These are NOT small farms. These
farms are NOT small.
Those are NOT good plans. Those
plans are NOT good.
These are NOT long films.
These films are NOT long.
These are NOT big trees.
These trees are NOT big.
These are NOT interesting lessons. These
lessons are NOT interesting.
Those are NOT crazy things. Those
things are NOT crazy.
Можно делать сокращения :
Is not = isn't(изнт), are not = aren't(арэнт),
this is not/ isn't good,
these are not/ aren't good computers, she is/she's(шыз),
he is/ he's(хиз),
we are/ we're(уир), they are/ they're, I am/
I'm(айм), I am not, I'm not, You are/
you're(юр).
Можно делать сокращения такого типа :
Are you a good student? Yes, I am = Ты хороший
ученик? Да.
Are they good students? No, they are not/ they aren't
= Они хорошие ученики? Нет.
Is he a good student? No, he is not/ he isn't = Он
хороший ученик? Нет.
It(ит) = это/ этот - Это тоже самое что и "this"
в некоторых предложениях чаще используется "it" а в
некоторых "this" : This/ it is a house = Это дом.
Можно делать сокращение: it is = it's (итс):
It's a good house = Это хороший дом.
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