Eleven countries first began to use the euro in nineteen ninety-nine. Today
seventeen of the twenty-seven members of the European Union are in the euro area.
The euro's foreign exchange value has remained strong against the dollar and
other currencies. But economic growth in the euro area was only two-tenths of
one percent from April to June. Europe's biggest economy, Germany, grew at half
that rate.
Ireland, Portugal and Greece have all required rescues. Greece received
emergency loans twice.
Debt and other problems in southern Europe remain a big concern. Last week,
the European Central Bank bought more than thirty billion dollars in Italian and
Spanish debt securities.
Italy and Spain have yet to recover from the worldwide recession. The
purchases of their government debt helped reduce their borrowing costs, but the
bank will probably have to act again.
On Tuesday German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas
Sarkozy met in Paris. They discussed economic governance for the euro area and
cooperation on budget and tax policies. Chancellor Merkel said, "We want France
and Germany to move closer in terms of fiscal integration." President Sarkozy
agreed that the two neighbors must move closer on budget issues.
Their proposal calls for a "true European economic government." It would
include the leaders of the seventeen euro countries and would be led by the
European Union president. The current president is Herman Van Rompuy of Belgium.
The group would meet at least twice a year.
One goal would be to control budget deficits for euro area countries. Rules
limit the deficits of EU members to three percent of the size of their economies.
But many members, including France, have bigger deficits than that.
The two leaders also proposed a tax on financial dealings in Europe. But they
did not support the idea of euro bonds. These would be loans guaranteed by all
euro countries instead of only the governments seeking them.
The European Commission says it supports the French and German proposals. The
commission proposes and enforces legislation for the EU. On Wednesday, EU
spokesman Olivier Bailly said the calls for an economic government were a step
in the right direction.
OLIVIER BAILLY: "We already mentioned the need to strengthen the economic
part of the economic and monetary union. What is happening now since the
beginning of the crisis and what has been announced yesterday as a proposal by
France and Germany go exactly in this direction."
But many experts question whether European countries will be willing to
surrender individual powers and deal with their debt problems together.
And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report. For more business news
and to learn English, go to voaspecialenglish.com. I'm Mario Ritter.